La disinformazione digitale e le politiche dell’Unione europea per la salvaguardia del dibattito pubblico

Auteurs

  • Mariaeugenia Parito

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.13129/2240-7715/2025.1.103-118

Résumé

Negli ultimi anni, moltissimi studi e ricerche sviluppati sia in ambito accademico che istituzionale hanno evidenziato come all’interno dell’ecosistema mediale ibrido caratterizzato dalle logiche della piattaformizzazione, la disinformazione sia un pericolo concreto per il dibattito pubblico e l’integrità dei processi democratici. Il disordine informativo compromette, infatti, il confronto ragionato tra differenti punti di vista e favorisce posizioni basate su pregiudizi, scorciatoie cognitive, emozioni. Le istituzioni europee stanno implementando politiche e strategie per contrastare la disinformazione, considerandola come minaccia per la democrazia, da affrontare con azioni di regolamentazione delle piattaforme digitali e di sostegno al fact checking.

Références

Audrey, G. (2022). Disinformation and Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. OECD https://doi.org/10.1787/37186bde-en

Belluati, M., Fubini, A. (2022). Reacting to disinformation. The multilevel EU fact-checking approach. De Europa, 2, 55-75 https://doi.org/10.13135/2611-853X/7143

Benkler, Y., Faris, R., Roberts, H. (2018). Network propaganda. Manipulation, disinformation, and radicalization in American politics. Oxford University Press.

Bennett, W. L., & Livingston, S. (2025). Platforms, Politics, and the Crisis of Democracy: Connective Action and the Rise of Illiberalism. Perspectives on Politics, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592724002123

Bennett, W.L., and Livingston, S. (2018.). The Disinformation Order: Disruptive Communication and the Decline of Democratic Institutions. Europea Journal of Communication , 33 (2): 122–39. DOI:10.1177/0267323118760317.

Broda, E., & Strömbäck, J. (2024). Misinformation, disinformation, and fake news: Lessons from an interdisciplinary, systematic literature review. Annals of the International Communication Association, 48(2), 139–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2024.2323736

Conrad, M., Hálfdanarson, G., Michailidou, A., Galpin, C., & Pyrhönen, N. (eds). (2023). Europe in the Age of Post-Truth Politics: Populism, Disinformation and the Public Sphere. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13694-8

Crouch, C. (2016). The March Towards Post‐Democracy, Ten Years On. The Political Quarterly, 87(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12210

Crouch, C. (2019). Post‐Democracy and Populism. The Political Quarterly, 90(S1), 124–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923X.12575

D’Ambrosi, L. (2019). La comunicazione pubblica dell’Europa. Istituzioni, cittadini e media digitali. Roma: Carocci.

EU COM(2018)236, Communication on tackling on-line disinformation. https://eur-lex.europa.eu.

EU COM(2020)624, Digital Education Action Plan 2021-2027, https://eur-lex.europa.eu.

EU COM(2020)825, Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on a Single Market For Digital Services (Digital Services Act), https://eur-lex.europa.eu.

EU COM(2020)790 Final, European Democracy Action Plan, https://eur-lex. europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0790

EU JOIN(2016)18, Joint Framework on countering hybrid threats. A European Union response. https://eur-lex.europa.eu.

EU JOIN(2018)36, Action plan against disinformation, https://eur-lex.europa.eu.

EU JOIN(2020)8, Tackling COVID-19 disinformation, https://eur-lex.europa.eu.

Helberge, N. (2020). The Political Power of Platforms: How Current Attempts to Regulate Misinformation Amplify Opinion Power, 8 Digital Journalism 6, 842–54

Just, N., Saurwein, F. (2024). Enhancing Social-Media Regulation through Transparency? Examining the New Transparency Regime in the EU. TechREG Chronicle, 2. :online.https://doi.org/10.5167/UZH-257668

Kapantai, E., Christopoulou, A., Berberidis, C., & Peristeras, V. (2021). A systematic literature review on disinformation: Toward a unified taxonomical framework. New Media & Society, 23(5), 1301–1326. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1461444820959296.

Kavanagh, J., Rich, M. D. (2018). Truth decay. An initial exploration of the diminishing role of facts and analysis in American public life. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2314.html.

Maddalena, G., Gili, G. (2017). Chi ha paura della post-verità? Effetti collaterali di una parabola culturale, Genova: Marietti.

Marshall, H., Drieschova, A. (2018). Post-truth politics in the UK’s Brexit referendum. New Perspectives, 26(3), 89–105. https://doi.org/10.1177/233 6825X1802600305

McCoy, J., Somer, M. (2019). Toward a Theory of Pernicious Polarization and How It Harms Democracies: Comparative Evidence and Possible Remedies. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 681(1), 234–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716218818782

Michailidou A., Eike E., Trenz H.J. (2023). Journalism, Truth and the Restoration of Trust in Democracy: Tracing the EU ‘Fake News’ Strategy. In Conrad M, HálfdanarsonG, & Michailidou A et al. (eds), Europe in the Age of Post-Truth Politics. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 53-74.

Nord, M., Altman, D. Angiolillo, F. Fernandes T., Good God A., and Lindberg, S.I. (2025). Democracy Report 2025: 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? University of Gothenburg: V-Dem Institute.

Norris, P., Inglehart, R. (2019). Cultural Backlash: Trump, Brexit, and Authoritarian Populism. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108595841

O’Connor, C., & Weatherall, J. O. (2019). The misinformation age. How false beliefs spread. Yale University Press.

Parito, M. (2019). “Comunicare con i cittadini. Le politiche delle istituzioni europee tra crisi ricorrenti e problemi irrisolti”. Problemi dell’informazione, 1, 137-166.

Rose, J. (2017). Brexit, Trump, and Post-Truth Politics. Public Integrity, 19(6), 555–558. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2017.1285540

Sampugnaro, R. & Trenz, H.J. (2024). Saving the Elections. EU Strategies to Fight Disinformation in the Age of Post-truth Politics. Comunicazione Politica, 1: 99-120.

Sude, D., & Knobloch-Westerwick, S. (2022). Selective exposure and attention to attitude-consistent and attitude-discrepant information: Reviewing the evidence. In J. Strömbäck, Å. Wikforss, K. Glüer, T. Lindholm, & H. Oscarsson (Eds.), Knowledge resistance in high-choice information environments (pp. 88–105). Routledge.

Sunstein, C. R. (2014). On Rumors: How Falsehoods Spread, Why We Believe Them, and What Can Be Done. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400851225

Trenz, H.J. (2024). Democracy and the public sphere: From dystopia back to utopia. Bristol University Press.

Van Dijck, J., Poell, T., de Waal, M. (2018). Platform Society. Oxford: University Press.

Van Dijck, J., De Winkel, T., & Schäfer, M. T. (2023). Deplatformization and the governance of the platform ecosystem. New Media & Society, 25(12), 3438–3454. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211045662

Wardle, C. (2018). Information disorder: The essential glossary. https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/ infoDisorder_glossary.pdf

Téléchargements

Publiée

2025-06-06

Numéro

Rubrique

Saggi