Creature del desiderio. Costellazioni immaginarie e fenomenologia della donna ideale/artificiale
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7413/228181381950Keywords:
Love doll, Sex Robot, Simulacrum, Myth, TechnologyAbstract
Creatures of desire. Imaginary constellations and phenomenology of the ideal/artificial woman.
Adult dolls, referred to - depending on the context and technical or usage characteristics - as Love Dolls, Real Dolls, Sex-Robots, Female Androids, etc., are dolls with sexual and/or companionship functions, valued in widespread niche markets. What makes people buy and love them? More importantly, what imagery is revealed in the creation and use of these "creatures of desire"? Where the dream of the “ideal woman” stems from? In the territory of art, literature and myth lie some interpretive keys that can shed light on the phenomenology and complexity of these simulacra.
In this essay some results of an ongoing research on the relationship between the imaginary, technology and gender are presented from which emerges the cruciality of the "creation" of the ideal/artificial woman as a privileged gateway to address the roots of violence against women and the complexity of the interlocking and oppositional natural/artificial, real/ideal, masculine/feminine.
References
Audi P. (2005), Créer, Les Belles Lettres, Paris.
Balistreri M. (2018), Sex robot. L’amore al tempo delle macchine, Fandango, Roma.
Baudrillard J. (1981), Simulacres et simulation, Paris, Galilée.
Baudrillard J. (1995), Le crime parfait, Paris, Editions Galilèe; tr. It. Il delitto perfetto, Milano, Raffaello Cortina, 1996.
Bettini M. (1992), Il ritratto dell’amante, Torino, Einaudi.
Brooks, R. C., Russo-Batterham, D., & Blake, K. R. (2022), “Incel Activity on Social Media Linked to Local Mating Ecology”. Psychological Science, 33(2), 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976211036065.
Busni S. (2016), “La creazione della donna”, Fata Morgana, 29/2016:109-125.
Camilleri A. (2014), Creatura del desiderio, Ginevra-Milano, Skira.
Ciambrone D. et al. (2017), “Gendered Synthetic Love: Real Dolls and the Construction of Intimacy”, International Review of Modern Sociology, 43/1: 59-78.
Danaher J. (2017), “Robotic rape and robotic child sexual abuse: should they be criminalised?”, Criminal Law and Philosophy, 11: 71–95.
Danaher J. (2017), “The Symbolic-Consequences Argument in the Sex Robot Debate”, in J. Danaher, N. McArthur (a cura di), Robot Sex. Social and Ethical Implications, Cambridge (Massachusetts), The MIT Press, 103-131.
De Feo L. (2020), “Per un’estetica della mutazione. Il corpo sublime di ORLAN tra blasfemia e palingenesi”, in Tina M., Polverini L., Ferrari A. (ed.), In corpo in performance. Tra stati di alterazione di coscienza e processo creativo, Milano, Meltemi.
Dobash R. E., Dobash R. P. (2015), When men murder women, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Döring N. et al (2020), “Design, Use, and Effects of Sex Dolls and Sex Robot: Scoping Review”, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2020; 22(7):e18551.
Durkheim É. (1971), Le forme elementari della vita religiosa, Torino, Edizioni di Comunità.
Farci M., Scarcella C. M. (2022), Media digitali, genere e sessualità, Milano, Mondadori.
Ferguson A. (2010), The Sex Doll. A History, Jefferson NC, McFarland.
Ferrari A. (2020), In corpo in performance. Tra stati di alterazione di coscienza e processo creativo, Milano, Meltemi.
Ferrari G. (2013), “Agalmatofilia. L’amore per le statue nel mondo antico: l’Afrodite di Cnido e il caso di Pigmalione”, PsicoARt, n.3/2013: 1-17.
Franchi F. (2017), “L’immaginario della bambola. Il simulacro e la moda”, Elephant & Castle, 16: 6-35.
Freud S. (1919), “Il perturbante”, tr. It. in Id., Saggi sull’arte, la letteratura e il linguaggio, Torino, Bollati Boringhieri, 2004.
Fröhlich S. (2018), Sexroboter, Das Geschäft mit der künstlichen Liebe. Available at: https://www.rnd.de/panorama/sexroboter-das-geschaft-mit-der-kunstlichen-liebe-CK5X45PLM-RAHARYJ7IGXSLILSE.html.
Gehlen A. (1983), Philosophische Anthropologie und Handlungslehre, Vittorio Klostremann GMBH, Frankfurt am Main. It. Tr. Antropologia filosofica e teoria dell’azione, Napoli, Guida Editore, 1990.
Giard A. (2016), Un désir d’humain. Les “love doll” au Japon, Paris, Les Belles Lettres.
Ging, D. (2019). “Alphas, Betas, and Incels: Theorizing the Masculinities of the Manosphere”. Men and Masculinities, 22(4), 638–657. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X17706401.
Girard R. (1982), Le Bouc émissaire, Paris, Grasset. tr. It. Il capro espiatorio, Milano, Adelphi, 1987.
Gutiu, S. (2016), “The Robotization of Consent”. In R. Calo et al (a cura di). Robot law (pp. 186-212). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Hanson K. R. (2021), The Silicone Self: Examining Sexual Selfhood and Stigma within the Love and Sex Doll Community, Symbolic Interaction, 2021, p. n/a, ISSN: 0195-6086 print/1533-8665 online. © 2021 Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction (SSSI). DOI: 10.1002/SYMB.575.
Harari Y. N. (2015), Homo Deus, A Brief History of Tomorrow, London, Harvill Secker.
Heidegger M. (1957), “Die Frage nach der Technik” (1953), in Vorträge und Aufsätze, Neske, Pfullingen 1957. Tr. It. “La questione della tecnica”, in Id. Saggi e discorsi, Milano, Mursia, 1976, 5-27.
Hoffman E. T. A. (2018), Der Sandmann, L’uomo della sabbia, in Ginevra Quadrio Curzio (a c. di), (testo tedesco a fronte), Milano, La Vita Felice.
Knox D., Huff S., Chang, I. J. (2017), “Sex Dolls - Creepy or Healthy?: Attitudes of Undergraduates”, Journal of Positive Sexuality, 3 (2): 32-37.
Landolfi T. (1994), La moglie di Gogol’, Milano, Adelphi.
Leroi-Gourhan A. (1994), Le geste et la parole. Technique et Langage [vol. I], Paris, Albin Michel, tr. it. Il gesto e la parola, Milano, Mimesis, 2018.
Levy D. (2008), Love and Sex with Robots, London, Duckworth Overlook.
Levy D. (2013), “Roxxxy the “Sex Robot”— Real or Fake?”, Lovotics, 1: 1-4.
Levy P. (1997), Il virtuale, Milano, Raffaello Cortina.
Liberati N. (2021), “Phenomenology and sex robot. A phenomenological analysis of sex robots, threesomes, and love relationships”, Internatonal Journal of Technoetics, 12/2.
Lievesley R. et al. (2023), “The ‘Perfect’ Partner: Understanding the Lived Experiences of Men Who Own Sex Dolls”, Sexuality & Culture, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-023-10071-5.
Lindsay A. (2022) Swallowing the black pill: Involuntary celibates’ (Incels) anti-feminism within digital society. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy. 11(1): 210-224. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.2138
Marzo P. L (2022), La creatività come metodo sociologico, Milano, Mimesis.
Miley, J. (2018), Sex Robot Samantha Gets an Up- date to Say “No” If She Feels Disrespected or Bored. Interesting Engineering, 29 giugno 2018 https://inte- restingengineering.com/sex-robot-samantha-gets-an- update-to-say-no-if-she-feels-disrespected-or-bored
Mori M. (2012), The Uncanny Valley, “IEEE Spectrum”, 12 Jun 2012 (https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-uncanny-valley
Musso M. G. (2019a), “Immaginario, tecnica e mutamento sociale”, in Marzo P. L., Mori L. (a cura di), Le vie sociali dell’immaginario. Per una sociologia del profondo, Milano, Meltemi, 115-141.
Musso M. G. (2019b), “Violence against women in the age of digital reproduction”, in Scuola Democratica,Proceedings of the 1st International Conference of the Journal Scuola Democratica, Education and Post-Democracy, 5-8 June 2019, Politics, Citizenship, Diversity and Inclusion, Cagliari, Roma, Associazione per Scuola Democratica, 1: 158-163.
Musso M. G. (2019c), “Real Dolls don’t say No”, in New Observations, New York, November 2019.
Musso M. G. et al. (2020a), “Towards an integrated approach to violence against women: persistence, specificity and complexity”, International Review of Sociology/Revue Internationale de Sociologie, 30.2/2020: 249-278.
Musso M. G. (2021b), “Don Chisciotte e la ferita della Modernità”, Im@go, n. 18/2021: 15-44.
Musso M. G. (2022), “Macchine celibi, cyborg e mostri”, in Adragna L., David G. G. e Kantos A. (a c. di), ARKAD, Un progetto di Dimora OZ, Milano, Postmedia books, 99-102.
Ovidio (1979), Metamorfosi, Torino, Einaudi.
Owsianik J. (2017), The Future of Sex: How Intimacy is Transforming. Available at: https://futurism.com/the-future-of-sex-how-intimacy-is-transforming.
Pecchinenda G. (2010), Videogiochi e cultura della simulazione, Bari Laterza.
Peschka L., Raab M. (2022), “A Thing like a Human? A Mixed- Methods Study on Sex Doll Usage”, International Journal of Sexual Health, 34, 4: 728-746.
Phua V. C., Caras A. (2008), “Personal Brand in Online Advertisements: Comparing White American and Brazilian Rent Boys”, Sociological Focus, 41 (3): 238–255.
Pinotti A. (2021), Alla soglia dell’immagine. Da Narciso alla realtà virtuale, Torino, Einaudi.
Quintieri R. (2011-2012), “I giochi della bambola tra innocenza e degenerazione, Morton Bartlett e la Real Doll di Elena Dorfman”, Psico Art, 2/2011-12: 1-44.
Ricca J. (2018). “A Torino apre la prima casa di appuntamenti con “sex doll” per uomini e donne”, in Repubblica on line, 8 agosto 2018.
Richardson, K (2022) Sex Robot. The end of love, New York, Wiley.
Rousseau J. J. (1964), Pygmalion, Œuvres complètes, Eds. Bernard Gagnebin, Marcel Ray- mond. Vol. II. Paris, Gallimard, 1964.
Sparrow R. (2017). “Robots, rape, and representa- tion”, International Journal of Social Robotics, 9: 465- 477.
Stoichita V. (2006), L’effetto Pigmalione. Breve storia dei simulacri da Ovidio a Hitchcock, Milano, Il Saggiatore.
Tramontana A. (2019a), I cristalli della società. Simmel, Gehlen, Baudrillard e l’esistenza multiforme degli oggetti, Milano, Meltemi.
Tramontana A. (2019b), “La materia dell’immaginario tra dinamiche e tensioni del mondo sociale”, in Marzo P. L., Mori L. (2019), (a c. di), Le vie sociali dell’immaginario, Milano, Meltemi.
Valverde S. (2012). The modern sex doll owner: A descriptive analysis. [Master’s, California Polytechnic State University]. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/849.
Villier de l’Isle-Adam A. (de) (1886) L’ève future, Paris, M. de Brunhoff. tr. It. Eva futura, Venezia, Marsilio, 2021.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
