La congettura di Poincaré
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1478/AAPP.1022SA1Abstract
In questo lavoro intendiamo presentare, almeno in parte, l’imponente intreccio di idee, tecniche e concetti che si è sviluppato intorno alla congettura di Poincaré, dalla sua formulazione agli inizi del secolo scorso fino alla soluzione data da Grisha Perelman agli inizi del nuovo millennio, portando a compimento il programma basato sullo studio del flusso di Ricci, delineato e sviluppato da Richard Hamilton dagli anni '80. Pur nei limiti e nelle possibilità di un articolo di rassegna, si è voluto presentare in modo matematicamente compiuto almeno alcune delle nozioni ed idee cruciali, a partire dalla formulazione stessa della congettura, disponendo soltanto di nozioni di base di algebra lineare, geometria e calcolo differenziale negli spazi euclidei, che si suppongono familiari al lettore. Ne risulterà probabilmente una lettura “impegnativa”, non necessariamente “ricreativa”, che però, almeno nelle intenzioni degli autori, dovrebbe ripagare il lettore con un'immagine piuttosto fedele di questi formidabili processi intellettuali, individuali e collettivi, che compongono una delle pagine più belle e profonde della storia della matematica.The Poincaré conjecture. Our aim in this work is to present, at least in part, the impressive interweaving of ideas, techniques and concepts that have been developed around the Poincaré conjecture, from its formulation at the beginning of the last century to the solution given by Grisha Perelman at the beginning of the new millennium, bringing to completion the program based on the study of the Ricci flow, outlined and developed by Richard Hamilton since the 1980s. Despite the limitations and possibilities of a review article, we wanted to present at least some of the crucial notions and ideas in a mathematically rigorous way, starting from the formulation of the conjecture itself, relying only on basic notions of linear algebra, geometry, and differential calculus in the Euclidean spaces, which are assumed to be familiar to the reader. The result will probably be a "challenging" read, not necessarily "recreational", but which, at least in the intentions of the authors, should reward the reader with a rather faithful picture of these formidable intellectual, individual, and collective processes that make up one of the most beautiful and profound pages in the history of mathematics.
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