Child maltreatment: an attachment theory perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/2018.6.1822Keywords:
Attachment, Child maltreatment, Impulsivity, Emotional dysregulation, MentalizationAbstract
This paper offers reflections about the relationship between child maltreatment, attachment disturbance and psychopathology in Bowlby’s attachment theory perspective. Child maltreatment is a complex and frequent phenomenon that has pretty clear implications on the developmental outcomes of its juvenile victims. The areas most affected by the experience of maltreatments suffered during childhood are to refer especially to self-development and to the ability to structure healthy and stable relationships. This is the reason that justifies the choice to make the phenomenon to be figured out in the Bowlby’s perspective, who has always underlined in his works the importance of the role of attachment relationships structured during the first few months of life in order to define the psychological and relational development of the subject. In this regard, we discuss a single case to underline the effects that maltreatment has on children psychological structure in the short and long term, trying to comprehend the subject symptomatology presented in view of the attachment theory perspective.References
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M., Waters, E. & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of Attachment: A Psychological Study of the Strange Situation. Erlbaum: Hillsdale, NJ.
Ammaniti, M. (2015). Abuso e trascuratezza nell’infanzia: implicazioni cliniche. [Infant abuse and neglect: clinical implications]. Infanzia e Adolescenza, 14(1), 2-21. doi: 10.1710/1862.20336
Bacon, H. & Richardson, S. (2001). Attachment Theory and Child Abuse: An Overview of the Literature for Practitioners. Child Abuse Review, 10, 377-397. doi: 10.1002/car.178
Barone, L. & Lionetti, F. (2013). Quando l’attaccamento si disorganizza. Indicatori e fattori di rischio dell’esperienza traumatica nel ciclo di vita. [Trauma, attachment disorganization cues and risk factors in the life span]. Psicologia clinica dello sviluppo, n. 1, aprile 2013, 3-26. doi: 10.1449/73824
Berthelot, N., Ensink, K., Bernazzani, O., Normandin, L., Luyten, P. & Fonagy, P. (2015). Intergenerational transmission of attachment in abused and neglected mothers: the role of trauma-specific reflective functioning. Infant Mental Health Journal, 36(2), 200-212. doi: 10.1002/imhj.21499
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. Volume I: Attachment. London, UK: Hogart Press.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Volume II: Separation: Anxiety and anger. London, UK: Hogarth Press.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss. Volume III: Sadness and depression. London, UK: Hogarth Press.
Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss. Volume I: Attachment (2nd ed.). London, UK: Hogarth Press.
Caviglia, G. (2003). Attaccamento e psicopatologia. Dalla ricerca al lavoro clinico. [Attachment and psychopathology. From research to clinical practice]. Carocci Editore.
Caviglia, G. (2007). Teoria della mente, attaccamento disorganizzato, psicopatologia. [Theory of mind, disorganized attachment, psychopathology]. Carocci Editore.
Caviglia, G., Perrella, R., Sapuppo, W. & Del Villano, N. (2010). Psychotherapy research: The contribution of the Working Group with the course of Dynamic Psychology (basic) at the Second University of Naples. Research in Psychotherapy. [Scopus]
Cicchetti, D. & Toth, S. L. (2015). Child Maltreatment. In Richard M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, 7th Edition (Vol. 3, pp. 1-51). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cicchetti, V. & Valentino, K. (2006). An ecological transactional perspective on child maltreatment: Failure of the average expectable environment and its influence upon child development. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Risk, disorder and adaptation. Volume 3 of Developmental psychopathology (2nd ed., pp. 129-201). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Corman, L. (1976). Il Disegno della Famiglia. Test per bambini. [The Family Drawing. Test for children]. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 1976.
Duschinsky, R. (2015). The emergence of the disorganized/disoriented (D) attachment classification, 1979-1982. History of Psychology, 18(1), 32-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0038524
Emiliani, F. & Simonelli, A. (1997). Psicopatologia evolutiva e maltrattamento infantile. [Evolutive Psychopathology and Child Abuse]. Psicologia clinica dello sviluppo, n. 3, dicembre 1997, 323-362. doi: 10.1449/487
Fonagy, P., Luyten, P. & Strathearn, L. (2011). Borderline personality disorder, mentalization, and the neurobiology of attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal, 32(1), 47-69. doi: 10.1002/imhj.20283
Fonagy, P. & Target, M. (2003). Psychoanalytic Theories. Perspectives from Developmental Psychopathology. Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Font, S. A. e Berger, L. M. (2015). Child Maltreatment and Children’s Developmental Trajectories in Early to Middle Childhood. Child Developmental, 86 (2), 536-556. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12322
Gaher, R. M., Arens, A. M. & Shishido, H. (2015). Alexithymia as a Mediator Between Childhood Maltreatment and Impulsivity. Stress Health, 31, 274-280. doi: 10.1002/smi.2552
Glaser, D. (2000). Child Abuse and Neglect and the Brain. A Review. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(1), 97-116. doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00551
Hoeve, M., Colins, O.F., Mulder, E.A., Loeber, R., Stams, J.M., Vermeiren, J.M. (2015). The Association Between Childhood Maltreatment, Mental Health Problems, and Aggression in Justice-Involved Boys. Aggressive Behavior, 41, 488-501. doi: 10.1002/ab.21586
Kim, S., Sharp, C. & Carbone, C. (2014). The Protective Role of Attachment Security for Adolescent Borderline Personality Disorder Features via Enhanced Positive Emotion Regulation Strategies. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5(2), 125-136. doi: 10.1037/per0000038
Levy, K. N. (2005). The implications of attachment theory and research for understanding borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 17, 959-986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579405050455
Levy, K. N., Johnson, B. N., Clouthier T. L., Wesley Scala, J. & Temes, C. M. (2015). An Attachment Theoretical Framework for Personality Disorders. Canadian Psychology, 56(2), 197-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cap0000025
Liotta, M., Mento, C. & Settineri, S. (2015). Seriousness and lethality of attempt suicide: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 21, 97-109. doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2014.12.013
Machover, K. (1949), Personality Projection in the Drawing of the Human Figure: A Method of Personality Investigation. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL.
://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11147-000
Main, M. & Solomon, J. (1990). Procedures for identifying infants as disorganised/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years (pp. 121-160). Chicago IL: University of Chicago Press.
Meekings, C. & O’Brien, L. (2004). Borderline pathology in children and adolescents. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 13, 152-163. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-0979.2004.0327.x
Morton, N. & Browne, K. D. (1998). Theory and observation of attachment and its relation to child maltreatment: a review. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(11), 1093-1104. doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(98)00088-X
Perrella, R. (2017). A Psychotherapy perspective: What about on the process and on the outcome in a functional approach for clinical and personality disorders?. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 5(3), 1-11. doi:10.6092/2282-1619/2017.5.1662
Perrella, R., Semerari, A. & Caviglia, G. (2013). Metacognition, borderline pathology and psychotherapeutic change: A single-case study. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 16(2), 102-108. doi: 10.7411/RP.2013.012
Perrella, R., Del Villano, N., Caviglia, G. (2016). Referential activity, dissociation, psychopathology and psychotherapy. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 19(2), 165-171. doi: 10.4081/ripppo.2016.243
Perrella, R., Russolillo, L. A., Tammaro, M. & Caviglia, G. (2017). Reflective and High Functioning in preliminary assessment. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 5(2), 1-15. doi: 10.6092/2282-1619/2017.5.1613
Perrella, R. & Caviglia, G. (2017). Internet addiction, self-esteem, and relational patterns in adolescents. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 14(1), 82-87. [Google Scholar]
Rogosch, F. A. & Cicchetti, D. (2005). Child maltreatment, attention networks, and potenzial precursors to borderline personality disorder. Developmental and Psychopathology, 17, 1071-1089. doi: 10.1017/S0954579405050509
Shi, Z., Bureau, J.F., Easterbrooks, M.A., Zhao, X., Lyons-Ruth, K. (2012). Childhood Maltreatment and prospectively observed quality of early care as predictors of Antisocial Personality Disorder feature. Infant Mental Health Journal, 33(1), 55-69. doi: 10.1002/imhj.20295
Slep, A. M. S., Heyman, R. E. & Foran, H. M. (2015). Child Maltreatment in DSM-5 and ICD-11. Family Process, 54(1), 17-32. doi: 10.1111/famp.12131
Springer, K.W., Sheridan, J., Kuo, D. & Carnes, M. (2003). The Long-term Health Outcomes of Childhood Abuse. An Overview and a Call to Action. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 18, ottobre 2003, 864-870. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.20918.x
Stern, D. (1995). The Interpersonal World of the Infant: A view from Psychoanalysis and Developmental Psychology. Basic Books: New York.
Teisl, M. e Cicchetti, D. (2008). Physical Abuse, Cognitive and Emotional Processes, and Aggressive/Disruptive Behavior Problems. Social Development, 17(1), 1-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00412.x
Trickett, P. K., Negriff, S., Ji, J. e Peckins, M. (2011). Child Maltreatment and Adolescent Development. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(1), 3-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.0071.x
Turner, H. A., Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R., Hamby, S., Leeb, R. T., Mercy, J. A. & Holt, M. (2012). Family Context, Victimization, and Child Trauma Symptoms: Variations in Safe, Stable, And Nurturing Relationships During Early and Middle Childhood. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82(2), 209-219. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01147.x
World Health Organization, (2016). Child Maltreatment. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs150/en/
Zarrella, I., Lonigro, A., Perrella, R., Caviglia, G. & Laghi, F. (2016). Social behaviour, socio-cognitive skills and attachment style in school-aged children: what is the relation with academic outcomes?. Early Child Development and Care, 1-12. doi: 10.1080/03004430.2016.1266486
Zarrella, I., Russolillo, L. A., Caviglia, G. & Perrella, R. (2017). Continuity and discontinuity between psychopathology of childhood and adulthood: a review on retrospective and prospective studies. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 20(2), 101-109. doi: https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2017.248
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Articles and conference papers published in Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology are distributed under the terms and conditions of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Correspondingly, authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).