L’autobus non ferma più a Eleusi: miti di survival e fortuna dell’antico

Autori

  • Tommaso Braccini Università di Siena

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13129/2724-0169/2020.1.127-148

Parole chiave:

folklore, Grecia, Demetra, Eleusi, Greece, Demeter, Eleusis

Abstract

La combinazione tra il filellenismo degli studiosi locali e stranieri e la necessità di dimostrare la discendenza diretta della moderna nazione greca dall’antica Ellade ha portato, nel corso del tempo, alla persistente sopravvalutazione di pretese ‘testimonianze folkloriche’ gravitanti intorno a Eleusi che attesterebbero la sopravvivenza di narrazioni e tradizioni relative alla dea Demetra. In linea anche con le più recenti tendenze dell’antropologia e dell’etnografia relative alla Grecia moderna, un’analisi spassionata di queste testimonianze ne mostra invece la vera e propria falsità (come nel caso della storia di santa Demetra divulgata nel 1861 dall’archeologo F. Lenormant), o l’identità con leggende contemporanee internazionali che nulla hanno a che vedere con l’antica dea di Eleusi, come nel caso della pretesa apparizione della dea che la vox populi avrebbe ubicato su un autobus nel febbraio 1940. In entrambi i casi, più che di sopravvivenze, si tratta di casi molto particolari di ‘fortuna dell’antico’

The combination of the philhellenism of local and foreign scholars and the need to demonstrate the direct descent of the modern Greek nation from ancient Hellas has led, over time, to the persistent overestimation of alleged ‘folkloric testimonies’ gravitating around Eleusis that would attest to the survival of narratives and traditions related to the goddess Demeter. In line with the most recent trends in anthropology and ethnography relating to modern Greece, a dispassionate analysis of these testimonies shows their actual falsehood (as in the case of the story of Saint Demeter published in 1864 by the archaeologist F. Lenormant), or their identity with international ‘contemporary legends’ that have nothing to do with the ancient goddess of Eleusis, as in the case of the supposed apparition of Demeter that the vox populi would have placed on a bus in Athens in February 1940. In both cases, we are not dealing with ‘survivals’, but with very particular cases of ‘classical reception’.

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2024-04-04

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