Transgender women in sport: is it just a matter of serum testosterone levels?

Autori

  • Vincenzo Garofalo Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale dell’Università di Catania
  • Rossella Cannarella Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale dell’Università di Catania
  • Aldo E. Calogero Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale dell’Università di Catania

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.13129/2612-1514/APJEP.90-91.2021-22.25-343

Parole chiave:

Transgender athletes, Testosterone, Gender affirming hor-mone therapy, Sex differences, Gender identity

Abstract

Elevated serum testosterone levels and their physiological effects in men lead to an advantage in most sports. Based on biological sex, many sports competitions segregate athletes into two categories, male and fe-male, to avoid inequalities. This division does not account for transgender people who experience an incongruence between biological sex and gen-der identity. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) allows transgender athletes to compete in women’s divisions if their serum testos-terone levels have been below 10 nmol/L for at least one year. However, this value is significantly higher than that found in cisgender women. Gen-der-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) reduces circulating testosterone levels and causes certain changes in testosterone physiology in transgender women resulting in changes in the physical performance of these athletes.
However, some testosterone-induced changes are irreversible and can af-fect the athletic ability and performance of transgender women. Therefore, this review aims to evaluate the physiological effects of testosterone and how these are modified by the GAHT, with the ultimate goal of making sport inclusive and equitable for all athletes.

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Pubblicato

2023-10-31

Fascicolo

V. 90 (2022)

Sezione

Contributi

Licenza

Creative Commons LicenseQuesto lavoro è concesso in licenza con licenza Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

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